Best Crypto Exchange Software

White Label solutions for crypto exchanges have changed the industry by lowering the entry threshold and allowing new CEX and DEX to enter the market faster, because buying ready-made software is faster and cheaper than developing from scratch. Dozens of different companies, such as Merehead, WL Global, Solulab and others, offer a ready-made startup set that includes a user interface, trading engine, administration panel and other elements, so that an entrepreneur does not need to understand the nuances of programming, blockchain technology and crypto trading - it is only important to choose the right service provider.

Many large CEX and DEX, which in 2025 have already entered the top exchanges, started with the purchase of ready-made software with subsequent branding, for example, Coinext, KoinKoin, SimpleSwap.io. Another alternative is to buy separate modules for faster design or improvement of the existing platform. Let's take a look at the top solutions for different types of crypto exchanges.

What is Crypto Exchange Software?

Software for cryptocurrency exchanges is ready-made software that can be used to launch your own crypto platform. Most often it is a set that includes all the modules and tools necessary for crypto trading, but sometimes it includes individual software elements, for example, a custom-developed trading engine. When buying a set, you can choose software for different types of exchanges:

• by level of centralization: CEX (operate on servers and have databases, only partially use blockchain technology for individual operations) or DEX (all operations are conducted through smart contracts and there is no single management body);
• by type of trading - spot, margin, futures, and so on.

Core Modules:

• Trading engine: responsible for processing, matching orders, conducting transactions, updating data in the order book, controlling margin, price changes, liquidity and so on. The most important features are the ability to process orders quickly + withstand heavy loads;
• User interface: it is necessary for convenient user interaction with the crypto exchange, displaying trading data, charts and so on. This element is branded as much as possible;
• Databases: for storing user information, trading data, balance information, security logs and so on;
• Security system: detects suspicious activity, protects against Ddos-attacks, used for data encryption. One of the key parameters to pay attention to when choosing a White Label solution;
• Administrative panel: designed to manage users, finances, trading pairs, customize commissions, control security and so on;
• Wallet management systems: for integrating cold/hot crypto wallets, e.g. MetaMask, TrustWallet, Exodus;
• Fiat gateway support system: for integration with popular fiat payment services, such as Wire Transfer, PayPal and so on, and APIs of crypto-providers for transactions with coins, such as CoinBase API and others.

At the same time, the software in the case of White Label acts as a “skeleton”, but it can be modified and branded. When you order such a service from a studio, you discuss your goals, budget, intended target audience and preferences at a briefing, and the development team makes changes to the pattern:

• Finalize UI/UX design: color scheme, fonts, interactive elements, add logos and so on;
• Add the necessary types of trading (spot, margin, futures), types and quantity of assets (coins, options, futures contracts, NFT, tokens of different standards - ERC-20, TRC-20, etc.). The more options, the more expensive the development and the price of the software itself, as it increases the load on the server;
• Customize security measures: two-factor authentication, confirmation by email, identity verification mechanisms, and so on;
• Add extra options: for example, analytical tools, charts, chatbot, algorithms for automated trading, training section, staking options, interaction with DeFi, and so on;
• Set the type and amount of commissions: for trades, % for margin, deposit/withdrawal fees, etc.

Best Centralized Crypto Exchange Software

CEX is the most popular crypto exchange model, they are the ones leading the market of digital assets (examples - Binance, OKX, Coinbase). Let's consider ready-made technical solutions for CEX from top companies. The most demanded modules and tools from Merehead:

• Trading engine. High-performance kernel, which is responsible for processing, storing, matching and executing orders, calculating prices and balances, processing requests to cancel orders and so on. Distinctive features: high performance (up to 1 million transactions per second), support for different types of orders (limit, stop orders, market orders), high scalability + easy integration with other modules, e.g. payment gateways;
• API integration for connection to external liquidity providers. Thus you can access current prices (bid/ask), order book and show your traders the current market situation + formulate current prices, send orders to execute orders and receive confirmations on other CEX, ensuring minimal slippage, build arbitrage strategies, access more trading pairs and reduce the cost of creating and providing your own liquidity. This module also includes an Internal Matching option for internal matching of orders without using liquidity from other CEXs + the ability to create Hybrid Liquidity Pools (combines liquidity from your CEX users and external providers);
• API interfaces for traders and bots for real-time interaction with the trading system. Supports REST-API type, optimal for low-frequency trading and for one-time requests (e.g., order placement) + WebSocket API for receiving streaming data online (e.g., stack update);

• SWAP-exchanger module for simplified asset exchange (without using a “glass”). Both external and internal liquidity can be used for instant asset exchange + SWAP interface is adapted for mobile devices and is maximally simplified for the convenience of beginners;
• On-chain/off-chain Staking Engine to generate passive income by placing coins on the exchange. There is a possibility to set different rates depending on the blocking period. Benefits: increased TVL, extra liquidity monetization option for traders, a tool for user retention.

CEX platform CoinBird is a good example of implementing all the modules offered by Merehead for centralized crypto exchange. It supports the exchange of both cryptocurrencies between each other and fiat through the integration of payment gateways.

The most popular software from White Label Global studio is a ready-made crypto platform. This solution is as flexible + universal as possible, aimed at optimizing trading processes and expanding the functionality of a centralized exchange. What exactly modules and tools it includes:

• More than 20 ready API-integrations to crypto exchanges. This allows you to significantly expand the range of trading pairs + provide competitive spreads;
• Synthetic Market Making Algo. Technology for creating new synthetic instruments based on existing assets, e.g. trading pairs without real liquidity;
• Internalization of orders due to the matching engine. Thanks to this solution, trades are executed inside CEX without external liquidity providers, as a consequence - no extra commissions + it gives control over the matching logic;
• TickTrader Stock Events module. Processes and displays corporate stock events in the system in a timely manner. This automates processes related to dividends, stock splits and so on, especially relevant if CEX that work not only with cryptocurrencies;
• Quote filtering solution. The system automatically removes incorrect quotes and prevents them from getting into the “glass”, highlights the most competitive ones (especially relevant when connecting to several liquidity providers), prevents slippages and losses due to risk management, for example, switches to another provider if necessary;
• Market-Making Algo. This is an algorithm for automatic publication of orders according to specified parameters (stack depth, min/max spread, order volume and so on);
• Algo-Studio ready-made module. It is a flexible and customizable solution that includes a package of software for market making (ready-made strategies that can be adjusted, the option to create your own algorithms, an environment for testing based on historical data, the ability to add new indicators, and so on).

Popular solutions for CEX are also offered by Solulab. The studio creates such basic modules:

• High-performance and customizable Trading Engine. One of the distinguishing features is increased flexibility with the ability to adapt to the DEX/DeFi approach (especially relevant when launching a hybrid model);
• API for liquidity. Emphasis is placed on the possibility of creating custom routes, where the choice of liquidity provider in a particular period will depend on different factors (price/time and so on) + there is a possibility to connect to DeFi providers. It is also possible to create hybrid liquidity (external + internal);
• API for traders and bots. The advantages of the module are the widest possible functionality with support for advanced features, for example, multi-account access is possible;
• Algorithmic market-making module. It includes an option to create synthetic pairs/arbitrage strategies, as compared to Merehead - these functions are presented in separate modules. AI support is provided.

Best P2P Crypto Exchange Software

Peer-to-peer exchange is a platform with a non-standard model of trading in coins, where the exchange takes place directly between users, and the platform due to escrow service and arbitrage system acts as a guarantor of transactions honesty.

Let's take a look at the top offers on the market.

PixelPlex offers a full-fledged P2P exchange development, focusing on maximum decentralization and high autonomy of users, for businesses this means lower service costs. Key technology services:

• Secure architecture. Emphasis is placed on high scalability to handle large volumes of transactions. SSL protocols, defense mechanisms against DDos attacks, two-factor authentication modules, intrusion detection system and so on are used to ensure security;
• Engine for P2P trading. This also includes arbitrage mechanisms and measures to ensure the security and transparency of transactions;
• CryptoAPI for interacting with blockchains. Support for several networks is provided, including the most popular ones - Ethereum and Bitcoin;
• Escrow system. To guarantee the integrity of transactions, PixelPlex offers mechanisms to temporarily freeze assets in a neutral space until all conditions of the transaction are met;
• Integration system of payment gateways, crypto-wallets and other instruments. The goal is to provide simple and secure conversion of fiat to and from cryptocoins. Thanks to CryptoAPI, integration of external crypto-wallets is possible.

PixelPlex also consults on the compliance of your peer-to-peer exchange with KYC/AML regulations and other legal requirements of various jurisdictions. Technical modules are developed using JavaScript programming languages, Solidity for writing smart contracts, Python, Rust or Go + Node.js, Angular and React frameworks.

Merehead also offers development of P2P exchanges or individual modules:

• Escrow systems. It is possible to order both centralized solutions with temporary transfer of traders' funds to internal secure wallets and decentralized solutions based on smart contracts. Advantages: flexibility of architecture, i.e. adaptability to different business models + integration with arbitrage system + ability to track processes;
• P2P module. This is a separate unit that can be purchased and integrated into spot/margin/futures CEX or DEX. It supports the option to filter by rating, geolocation, transaction volumes and so on + a customizable system can be installed to recognize the identities of agents and counterparties;
• Trading engine. Main advantages: high capacity to process a large number of transactions in real time (up to 1 million per second), high scalability with the ability to add services, databases, etc. without loss of performance, as well as supported clustering for even load distribution, increased fault tolerance (possible integration with Kafka for asynchronous transmission of events or Redis for data caching);
• Integrations with fiat payment systems. Most often via API integration, but iFrame embedding or SDK providers can also be used. It is possible to quickly change providers without stopping the crypto exchange's activity. The choice of payment systems is large, as the company operates on the international market: SEPA, Payeer, PayPal and others;
• Arbitration mechanism. This includes systems for logging events for both traders and admins, e.g. all user actions, financial and system events are tracked for decision making + a wide range of roles (moderators, chatbots, supermoderators, etc.). In the interface, this is more often realized through online chatbots;
• Admin panel. Intuitive, giving the ability to manage the crypto platform without programming skills, for example, to change commissions + access to all statistical and analytical information on the site;
• API for integration with external wallets. It is possible to connect both custodial and non-custodial solutions, as well as cold storage + multi-signature options for increased security;
• User Interface. Templates can be customized for different CAs and platform types - from CEX to DEX, different languages are supported;
• Mobile app. A popular extra option for both iOS and Android devices with full synchronization with the web version.

Merehead uses JavaScript/HTML/CSS and Angular/React.js frameworks for frontend development, Java/Python/Rust/Node.js and FastAPI /SpringBot frameworks for backend development, and Ethers.js/Web3.js/BitcoinCore for blockchain interaction.

Best DEX Software

Creating DEX is a special type of development, as such platforms not only have a special management system (decentralized), but also a special architecture, as they operate through smart contracts and on blockchains. For programmers, the skills of developing smart contracts (Solidity, Rust, Vyper and other languages), the ability to describe the logic of steaking, liquidity pools and understanding how to interact with nodes and blocks (often it is work with web3.js/ethers.js, ethers-rs/web3.py), how cryptography works at the blockchain level and so on are fundamental.

Openware offers a cloud-based, scalable, module-based OpenDAX platform that can be used to run your own DEX. The source code is open source, and developers can reduce infrastructure costs this way. Its main focus is on creating P2P DEXs. Let's consider the main modules:

• Interface for Baseapp Provides access to DEX functionality, including charts and other information important for analysis. Integration with TradingView is supported;
• Applogic for linking the frontend with other services and modules. One of the options is balance/order management;
• OpenFinex trading engine. It is required if you use a hybrid system of CEX (centralized order book) + decentralized use of blockchain for actual execution of trades + decentralized storage of assets on users' wallets and escrow service in the form of smart contracts;
• Tower administrative panel. Due to it admins get access to management of some processes, platform data + if provided, can perform KYC procedures to recognize users (more often used with hybrid CEX + DEX models);
• DevOps toolset presented as a separate full-fledged module. They help with process automation, platform deployment, management, scalability, and so on. This includes Docker containerization, Helm chart, CI/CD pipelines and so on.

From the company you can buy both a complete stack that will allow you to run your DEX, and buy the ability to integrate individual components, such as an administrative panel. The company also provides customization, startup and maintenance services.

DEX software can also be purchased from Merehead, either by ordering a complete development from scratch by ordering White-Label or by integrating individual components. The company offers both software for DEX and hybrid CEX + DEX models. Let's take a look at the key components:

• Web3 integration module. Thanks to this, users can easily connect MetaMask, TrustWallet, Binance Wallet and other wallets (Web3.js or Ethers.js are most often used for integration + connection via QR code is possible). This provides secure interaction with blockchains and smart contracts + simple authorization on DEX;
• Automated Market Maker (AMM). This is an instant exchange option that is realized thanks to the AMM smart contract + Web3-enabled interface. This solution provides for customization, such as choosing the size of commissions or the ability to add specific options such as NFT rewards;
• Smart contracts for liquidity pools. Thanks to the UI/UX interface it is possible to add or remove liquidity, examine statistics, grant a share in the pool and so on. There are built-in mechanisms for calculating commissions and shares + the option to create multi-pools is supported. Pools can hold tokens of different standards, including ERC-20, TRC-20 and others;
• Smart contract of its own token. This is a custom solution for DEXs that want to issue their own token (like UniSwap's UNI). You can select specific parameters like quantity and set commissions. Popular standards, ERC20 and others are supported. This solution will be automatically integrated with other modules such as AMM;
• Platform for initial token placement. Includes development of a smart contract + control panel, it is possible to add features that break the process into rounds. This is a customizable solution;
• Modules for hybrid DEX + CEX: mechanisms for conducting KYC/AML procedures, a panel for centralized management, centralized arbitrage mechanisms and so on.

In addition, Merehead's DEX solutions are characterized by increased architectural flexibility, high scalability and customization. DEX security is ensured by thorough auditing of all smart contracts, conducting transactions through Web3 interfaces without transferring keys to third parties, implementing Frontend security, and so on.

White Label Crypto Exchange Software

When buying White Label, the key role is played not only by the quality and characteristics of the software (scalability, flexibility, performance, and so on), but also by the variety of available functions/assets/exchange types and the experience of the development team. After all, such a solution is not a constructor that the customer assembles himself, but a template that will be modernized and branded by the vendor taking into account the requirements. Let's take a look at the top White Label solutions from different companies.

One of the popular solutions is offered by Debut Infotech. What the development includes:

• Integration of payment gateways. Several options are available to enable fast and secure transactions in both fiat and cryptocurrencies;
• Localized interfaces. The multi-language support module adapts your platform to different CA;
• Crypto-wallet integration. Both hot and cold wallets are available for storing assets;
• Intelligent AI-based trading bot. It allows to reduce losses and increase profits due to correctly chosen strategies and risk calculation;
• Analytical tools module. A variety of customizable charts and trading indicators will help traders make more accurate forecasts;
• Order matching mechanism. Requests are processed quickly, so slippage is minimized. The mechanism is reliable and can process thousands of transactions per second, so traders can trade smoothly;
• Staking module. Traders can put assets into different pools and receive rewards;
• WebSocket and REST API complex. API integrations allow seamless interaction with trading bots and other external systems, expanding the platform's functionality;
• Security module. This complex includes protection mechanisms against DDos attacks, 2FA, Denial of Service (DoS) protection, HTTP authentication, CSRF security mechanism and so on.

Another popular White Label solution on the market is offered by Merehead. What are the main elements of it:

• High-performance trading engine. It has minimal execution latency + it can handle up to 1 million orders per second + it can handle maximum loads, which is especially important when listing new tokens/coins. Multiple order types are supported: market, limit, stop, CCA + commissions can be easily customized and changed;
• User interface with flexible customization. Pros: adaptive and intuitive design, possibility of branding, easy navigation that maximizes conversion;
• Security modules. Increased protection of the platform itself, as well as transactions and personal data of users is provided: 2FA, support for cold wallets, protection mechanisms against Ddos, DoS, CSRF, XSS. Also when ordering White Label, all requirements of regulators of different countries are taken into account;
• Integration with liquidity providers. Allows you to create hybrid models and reduce dependence on your own market makers by connecting to Huobi, Binance and other top platforms. Another advantage is the smart routing option to select the best market price. Deep stakes and minimal spreads allow you to expand your target market;
• KYC/AML module for CEX and hybrid platforms. Mechanisms for automatic verification of documents are provided, there are integrations with providers + it is possible to give users different levels of access;
• Staking Module. Extends to many popular tokens and allows you to compete with other passive income programs by increasing LTV;
• Reporting Module. Allows for quick and easy generation of important documentation, tracking profit/taxes/expense and analyzing user activity. Integration with external accounting systems and download of documents in a convenient format (XML/CSV) is possible.

Free Crypto Exchange Software

Free software for crypto exchanges from professional companies is rare, but there are exceptions, for example, Polygant studio has published a free simple open-source mechanism for exchanging coins. The main purpose is to maximize swaps as fast as possible, but there is also an extended version of the interface that will allow for more complex trading operations. The name of the software is OpenCEX. The functionality includes a system of settings (you can change the list of available assets, the size and types of commissions and so on), access to statistics (number of visitors, transaction volumes, traffic sources and so on) and so on. Emphasis is placed on security and the ability to withstand heavy loads due to a large number of transactions at one time.

In order to start using the software, you need to book a server (physical or virtual, shared hosting will not work), bind the obtained IPv4 address to your domain, register an Infura, Google account (get special reCAPTCHA V2 keys), then create an API key in Infura and Etherscan. You should also have cold wallets to store your crypto-deposits. Then all that will be left is to execute a certain command from the OpenCEX website - the installation process will take about 5 minutes. If everything goes without errors, immediately after that you can open your exchange on the domain specified initially.

Crypto Exchange Software Open Source

Free and open source software can also be found on Github, where crypto-enthusiasts publish their projects. For example, the crypto exchange software by jammy928. This is an exchange based on Java + microservices of Spring Cloud (a streamlined system of frameworks).

Main components:

• Match trading engine for transactions (Kafka is used to match/transfer information about the created order, transaction details are stored in MongoDB databases and MySQL is used to record the transaction). Effectively matches limit and market orders;
• Frontend with main pages (transactions, events and so on);

• Background management (includes both back-end and front-end). Spring, SpringMVC, SpringData, SpringCloud, SpringBoot were used in backend development; Vue, iView、less were used in frontend development;
• Source code for Android/iOS applications;
• Multilingual support module;
• Source code for RPC crypto-wallet.

Freqtrade is another popular software. It is a free crypto trading bot. It is a handy add-on tool for various cryptocurrency exchanges (guaranteed to work correctly with Binance, HTX, Kraken, HTX, BingX and several others), which can be controlled both via Telegram and webUI. It's created with Python 3.10+ and can be utilized on a Windows, Linux or macOS gadget.

What's included in the functionality:

• Fiat and Coin management tools. There is also an option to display profits and losses in fiat;
• Strategy optimization mechanism (based on ML algorithms) - can be tested with real trading data. FreqAI will also help to create a new strategy;
• Filters white/black list of cryptocurrencies you want to use in trading or remove;
• Analytical charting tools;
• Backtesting mechanisms to determine the effectiveness of a buy/sell strategy.

Another popular open source crypto software is a cryptocurrency exchange script from the Codono team. White Label solution that can be modified at will, but the software is characterized by high security and was created in cooperation with the top blockchain developer Blockgum. The software has a commercial license, which confirms its reliability.

This script will enhance the capabilities of your crypto exchange:

• It can be used to customize the interface and backend infrastructure for convenient transaction management, and there are several options: Spot Classic, Spot Pro with extra tools for experienced traders, P2P, OTC for high volume trading and so on;
• Supported option to integrate fiat payment gateways: for bank account transfer, YocoPayments, Authorize.net, Top payment services in Uganda;
• It is possible to host 2000+ cryptocurrencies;
• There are mining and staking modules for passive income + faucet option for free tokens;
• ICO/IEO Launchpad model will allow to conduct initial coin offering and give exclusive rights to traders + there are mechanisms for AirDrop and further distribution of coins;
• Online store module for selling coins, tokens, NFTs and other crypto-assets.

Top Crypto Exchange Software Development Companies

There are dozens of different studios developing software for crypto exchanges, and the most competitive ones are those that specialize in blockchain technology, smart contracts, and also understand the nuances of trading digital assets and the peculiarities of the DeFi sector. Let's take a look at the top 3 companies creating software for crypto exchanges: Merehead, Leewayhertz, Maticz.

Merehead is a company founded in 2015 and focused on creating software based on blockchain and smart contracts. The company operates on the international market and has already implemented more than 130 crypto projects, including CEX (spot, futures, margin), DEX, P2P platforms, crypto exchanges, binary options, mobile applications for crypto platforms, bots for automated trading and other types of software.

Key advantages:

• Variety of solutions: from White Label to individual modules or full-fledged platform development from scratch, and given the specialization specifically on blockchain projects, the company can develop all possible types of software - from dapps and bots for automated trading to the most complex futures CEX and DEX;
• High custodiality and flexibility of the architecture: even when buying White Label, it is possible to make a large number of changes + many extra options, order types, analytical tools and so on are available. At the same time, most of the software is highly scalable, which is important for rapidly expanding platforms;
• Emphasis on security: all software is thoroughly audited and tested, advanced DDos protection measures are implemented, semi-automatic cold wallets are integrated, two-factor authentication, SMS notifications, etc. can be set up;
• Average price on the market while maintaining high quality + fast implementation time, as the company emphasizes on individual projects and full support.

Leewayhertz is an American company founded in 2007 and has already released over 100+ successful platforms. In 2024, it was bought out and became part of The Hackett Group. The company specializes in AI-based software, blockchain technology and also the areas of Web3 and IoT. Leewayhertz provides solutions for different industries: financial and technical sector, healthcare, logistics and so on.

Company Advantages:

• Extensive experience in software development and diversity of projects in different areas;
• Focus on Web3 integrations and the DeFi sector. Most crypto-software is compatible with EVM, which gives access to the Ethereum ecosystem and facilitates interoperability and porting of smart contracts to other blockchains;
• Active use and creation of software using artificial intelligence and machine learning technology, which is especially relevant in the creation of advanced bots for automated trading;
• Crypto-platforms have high compatibility with hardware wallets, which increases security and convenience.

Maticz is a software development technology company launched in 2020, headquartered in India. The development aims to create solutions and Artificial Intelligence projects, Machine Learning and Blockchain. The company also works with IoT, meta-universes and Web3.

Advantages of the company:

• A wide range of services: development of websites, applications, Dapps, tokens, individual smart contracts and consulting on blockchain technology;
• Creation of specialized software for specific niches: education, healthcare, financial sector;
• Global presence: the company operates in more than 50 countries and takes into account the legislation of each region when launching projects;
• Diversity of cryptocurrency solutions: DEX, CEX, hybrid models, Dapps on different blockchains and so on;
• Fast development timeframes.

How much does cryptocurrency exchange software cost?

The price of crypto platform development will vary depending on its type as well as functionality. Also, the cost varies greatly from company to company.

Approximate price range based on Merehead data:

• Spot exchange: $20,000 to $30,000. This is the simplest type of CEX;
• P2P exchange: from $40,000 to $80,000. The price is higher than spot because of the more complex logic of user interactions, escrow system for locking funds, arbitrage mechanisms, and so on;
• Margin platform: $30,000 to $50,000. The higher price is associated with increased server load, as leveraged transactions require more complex and faster calculations + implementation of mechanisms for margin control, liquidations, protection against negative balances, etc;
• Futures trading: from $60,000 to $150,000. The most complex model in terms of functionality, which requires implementation of mechanisms for leverage, complex derivatives calculations + it is necessary to ensure high performance and speed of operations;
• DEX platform: from $40,000 to $80,000. The most specific development, requiring skills in creating smart contracts and understanding of the DeFi sector and blockchain technology.

FAQ

Can I create my own crypto exchange?

Yeah, you can choose from several options: creating it yourself from scratch, buying individual modules from development studios with subsequent integration, ordering a full-fledged custom development or purchasing White Label solution. The first option is the most difficult to implement, as it requires knowledge in backend, frontend programming, UI/UX design, understanding of the peculiarities of blockchain technology and the principles of writing smart contracts. Even a development team often takes 12+ months to complete such a project. White Label is an ideal budget option with the ability to enter the market quickly (3-5 times faster than ordering custom development), while branding and the ability to choose the functionality + add extra options will allow you to stand out among competitors. Buying individual modules is a good option to improve an existing crypto platform.

What is the best cryptocurrency software?

The first thing you should pay attention to when choosing software is the reputation and specialization of the development studio; it is better to give preference to fintech companies that create CEX, Dapps and other crypto-projects. Further - look at the variety of available functions and types of exchanges, security system, as well as the basic characteristics of the main components (the power of the trading engine and at what speed it can process operations, what scalability and so on). Customizable solutions will also be a priority.

What is the best crypto programming?

Crypto exchange development is a complex process that requires knowledge of several programming languages. The backend often uses Node.js (especially used when creating peer-to-peer platforms and modules), Go and C++ (effective for CEX development if you need the most powerful trading engine), Python (good for analytics, internal APIs, bots) and Rust (if high execution speed is a priority). In the frontend - TypeScript/JavaScript, React (sometimes Next.js) or Vue.js (easier to learn). The most popular language for writing smart contracts is Solidity, also Web2.js or Ethers.js are used for blockchain integrations. MySQL or PostgreSQL are effective for storing user data.